To Squat via free weights or Smith machine?
Some trainers have their clients believe that it’s best to squat using a smith machine over free weights because less chance of back injury. Myself, having had back surgery many years ago, later went on to squat free weights with 545lb for sets of 6 to 8 reps without any recurring back injuries.
Yes, if you use bad form in any exercise then you run the risk for an injury. According to studies conducted at the University of Saskatchewan free weight squats are more neutral and require greater use of the trunk muscles. Activation in the lower body muscle were 45 % greater when doing free squats compared to smith machine squats. Smith squats cause your body to work more thru a single plane.
So if you’re looking to add mass or tone up those legs don’t be shy around the squat rack. Just remember to maintain good form over the amount of weight you’re using to ensure you remain injury free to get the best results.